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Do coco ao algodão: o impacto da Embrapa na transformação do Nordeste

Quando se fala no sucesso do agronegócio brasileiro, é comum que os holofotes se voltem para grandes produtores, exportações recordes e novas fronteiras agrícolas. Mas existe uma instituição que há mais de cinco décadas trabalha ...
Eliseu Lins, da Agência NE9
31 de maio de 2026 - às 12:16
Atualizado 31 de maio de 2026 - às 12:16
5 min de leitura
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Quando se fala no sucesso do agronegócio brasileiro, é comum que os holofotes se voltem para grandes produtores, exportações recordes e novas fronteiras agrícolas. Mas existe uma instituição que há mais de cinco décadas trabalha nos bastidores e foi decisiva para transformar regiões antes consideradas improdutivas em polos de geração de riqueza. No Nordeste, essa história passa diretamente pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa).

Criada em 1973, a estatal federal tornou-se uma das maiores referências mundiais em pesquisa agropecuária tropical. Seu trabalho ajudou a mudar a realidade de milhões de produtores rurais e teve papel fundamental na construção de uma agropecuária moderna, competitiva e adaptada às condições brasileiras.

Hoje, o Brasil figura entre os maiores produtores e exportadores de alimentos do planeta, resultado que tem forte ligação com as tecnologias desenvolvidas pela empresa ao longo de décadas.

No Nordeste, a atuação da Embrapa ganha contornos ainda mais relevantes. Durante muito tempo, a seca, a escassez hídrica e as limitações naturais do Semiárido eram vistas como obstáculos praticamente intransponíveis para a produção agropecuária. A pesquisa científica ajudou a mudar essa visão.

Foi a Embrapa que desenvolveu e adaptou tecnologias voltadas para a convivência com a seca, sistemas de aproveitamento da água, cultivares resistentes ao clima semiárido, manejo sustentável dos solos e técnicas que permitiram ampliar a produtividade agrícola mesmo em regiões de baixa pluviosidade.

A princípio, o resultado é visível em diversas cadeias produtivas que hoje movimentam bilhões de reais na economia nordestina, como a fruticultura irrigada do Vale do São Francisco, a produção de coco no litoral, a caprinovinocultura do Semiárido, a cultura do algodão e a muita ação para a agricultura familiar.

capucho_algodao_foto_embrapa
Capucho Algodao_foto_embrapa

O Nordeste que produz para o Brasil

Atualmente, a região abriga alguns dos polos agrícolas mais dinâmicos do país. O Vale do São Francisco tornou-se referência mundial na produção de frutas para exportação. Assim, o Matopiba consolidou-se como uma das principais fronteiras agrícolas brasileiras. A produção de algodão voltou a ganhar força em áreas do Nordeste. E a cadeia do coco segue como uma das mais importantes do país.

Al[em disso, grande parte desse avanço foi construída com base em pesquisas realizadas pelas unidades regionais da Embrapa, que desenvolveram variedades mais produtivas, resistentes a pragas e adaptadas às condições climáticas da região.

Segundo a própria instituição, uma das principais contribuições foi justamente mostrar que o Semiárido poderia ser produtivo quando associado ao conhecimento científico, ao manejo adequado dos recursos naturais e à inovação tecnológica.

pé de caju anao
anao_precoce foto claudio nores Embrapa

As principais unidades da Embrapa no Nordeste

UnidadeEstadoÁrea de atuação
Embrapa SemiáridoPernambucoAgricultura irrigada, convivência com a seca, fruticultura
Embrapa Caprinos e OvinosCearáCaprinocultura, ovinocultura e pecuária adaptada ao Semiárido
Embrapa Agroindústria TropicalCearáFruticultura tropical, caju, coco, bioeconomia e agroindústria
Embrapa Mandioca e FruticulturaBahiaMandioca, citros, banana e fruticultura tropical
Embrapa Tabuleiros CosteirosSergipeCoco, sistemas agrícolas costeiros e sustentabilidade
Embrapa AlgodãoParaíbaAlgodão, oleaginosas e fibras naturais
Embrapa Meio-NortePiauíGrãos, pecuária, integração lavoura-pecuária
Embrapa Alimentos e TerritóriosAlagoasDesenvolvimento territorial e agricultura familiar

As novas tecnologias que estão sendo desenvolvidas para o futuro do Nordeste

A Embrapa também se prepara para desafios cada vez mais complexos. Dessa maneira, as mudanças climáticas, a necessidade de aumentar a produtividade com menor impacto ambiental e a transformação digital do campo estão entre as prioridades da instituição.

Entre as linhas de pesquisa que ganham destaque estão os bioinsumos, os sistemas produtivos de baixo carbono, o uso de inteligência artificial na agricultura, a digitalização das propriedades rurais, os cultivos adensados, o manejo eficiente da água e os sistemas integrados de produção.

agro_vinho_umbu foto Luis Pereira de Sa_Embrapa (
agro_vinho_umbu foto Luis Pereira de Sa_Embrapa (

Principais focos tecnológicos da Embrapa no Nordeste

ÁreaFoco atual
Mudanças climáticasCultivares resistentes ao calor e à seca
Recursos hídricosIrrigação inteligente e uso eficiente da água
Agricultura digitalSensoriamento remoto, aplicativos e monitoramento
BioinsumosRedução do uso de fertilizantes químicos
Pecuária sustentávelMelhoramento genético e manejo de rebanhos
FruticulturaNovas variedades para exportação
Agricultura familiarTecnologias de baixo custo e inclusão produtiva
Carbono e sustentabilidadeSistemas produtivos de baixa emissão
etanol de milho
Foto: Embrapa/Divulgação

LEIA TAMBÉM:

Um retorno que vai além da pesquisa

Talvez um dos números mais impressionantes da Embrapa seja o retorno gerado para a sociedade. Segundo o Balanço Social da empresa, a cada R$ 1 investido em pesquisa agropecuária, cerca de R$ 20 retornam em benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais para o país.

No Nordeste, esse retorno pode ser visto em milhares de propriedades rurais que hoje produzem mais, utilizam menos recursos naturais e conseguem permanecer competitivas mesmo em ambientes desafiadores.

Portanto, num momento em que o agronegócio responde por uma parcela significativa do PIB brasileiro e das exportações nacionais, a trajetória da Embrapa mostra que ciência, tecnologia e inovação continuam sendo alguns dos principais motores do desenvolvimento regional. Afinal, e, no Nordeste, que poucos exemplos são tão claros quanto a transformação promovida pela pesquisa agropecuária ao longo dos últimos 50 anos.

Eliseu Lins

Eliseu Lins é baiano de nascimento e paraibano de coração. Jornalista formado na UFPB, tem mais de 20 anos de atuação na imprensa do Nordeste. É pós-graduado em jornalismo cultural e ocupa o cargo de editor-chefe do NE9 desde 2022.