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Economia

Como a luta de mulheres transformou a mangaba em símbolo de resistência

Em meio à expansão urbana e à “selva de pedra” de Aracaju, comunidades extrativistas travam uma batalha diária para preservar não apenas uma fruta, mas um modo de vida inteiro. No coração da capital sergipana, ...
Eliseu Lins, da Agência NE9
13 de julho de 2026 - às 08:55
Atualizado 13 de julho de 2026 - às 08:55
6 min de leitura
Mulheres catadoras de mangaba. Foto: Rafa Neddermeyer_ Agência Brasil
Mulheres catadoras de mangaba. Foto: Rafa Neddermeyer_ Agência Brasil
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Em meio à expansão urbana e à “selva de pedra” de Aracaju, comunidades extrativistas travam uma batalha diária para preservar não apenas uma fruta, mas um modo de vida inteiro.

No coração da capital sergipana, em uma das últimas áreas verdes que resistem ao avanço do concreto, a mangaba deixou de ser apenas um fruto nativo para se tornar um poderoso símbolo de resistência. Em Aracaju, a especulação imobiliária e o crescimento desordenado ameaçam diretamente a sobrevivência das catadoras de mangaba, mulheres que há mais de oito décadas dedicam suas vidas à “cata” e ao manejo sustentável dessa espécie.

A frase da presidente da Associação das Catadoras e Catadores de Mangaba Padre Luiz Lemper (ACCMPLL), Maria Eliene Santos, ecoa como um grito de guerra: “A gente está rodeado de uma selva de pedra. Eu me sinto guardando um tesouro da humanidade”.

A Luta em meio à selva de pedra

O território das catadoras, composto pela Reserva Extrativista (Resex) Mangabeiras Missionário Uilson de Sá e uma área da União, representa um oásis de biodiversidade em meio à zona sul de Aracaju, epicentro da expansão urbana. No entanto, a pressão imobiliária é imensa.

Esse trabalho de resistência e organização, no entanto, está rendendo frutos. No ano passado, a associação conquistou o 1º lugar na categoria Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais do Prêmio Guardiãs da Sociobiodiversidade, concedido pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima (MMA). O prêmio de R$ 45 mil está sendo investido em oficinas e estudos para fortalecer o beneficiamento da mangaba e o turismo de base comunitária, com o apoio da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) e da Embrapa.

“Quando o Estado vier construir o plano de manejo, a comunidade já sabe o que quer.” – Raquel Fernandes, analista da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros.

Durante a 5ª Festa da Colheita, realizada em junho na Resex Uilson de Sá, ocorreu o lançamento do Plano de Manejo Popular. Construído de forma coletiva, o documento visa regulamentar o uso sustentável do território e proteger as mangabeiras nativas.

A princípio, a iniciativa surgiu como uma forma de resistência proativa, garantindo que a voz da comunidade prevalecesse diante do Poder Público. “A gente ficou com medo de a prefeitura de Aracaju aparecer com um plano pronto e impor regras que não tinham nada a ver com a comunidade”, explicou Leandro Sacramento Santos (Pel), da Associação Raízes.

Venda de produtos à base de mangaba. Foto: Foto: Rafa Neddermeyer/Agência Brasil
Venda de produtos à base de mangaba. Foto: Foto: Rafa Neddermeyer/Agência Brasil

Por que a mangaba é tão especial?

Antes de mais nada, a mangaba (cujo nome vem do tupi e significa “coisa boa de comer”) é rica em vitamina C, fibras e antioxidantes. Ao mesmo tempo, é um patrimônio cultural de Sergipe. O ofício das catadoras e a própria espécie são considerados patrimônios culturais do estado por lei.

O trauma coletivo e a luta por moradia

A história da reserva é marcada por conflitos. Nos anos 2010, o avanço da expansão urbana devastou centenas de mangabeiras para a implantação de conjuntos habitacionais. Dessa forma, a reserva foi criada como condicionante ambiental para o financiamento do Banco Mundial, mas a comunidade afirma que não contemplou toda a área tradicional.

Foi nesse cenário que surgiu a figura do missionário católico Uilson de Sá. Ele organizou as famílias em defesa das mangabeiras e tentou unir a luta dos extrativistas com a dos sem-teto. Infelizmente, Uilson foi encontrado morto em novembro de 2022, tornando-se um mártir e símbolo da luta das catadoras, que hoje dão seu nome à reserva.

A matriarca da comunidade, Rosenaide de Sá (dona Zenaide), mãe de Uilson, ainda sente o medo e a pressão. “Continuam nos ameaçando”, revela, destacando que a proximidade com a área urbana afeta até a polinização das mangabeiras, reduzindo a produtividade.

A queda na produção e a esperança no turismo

Sergipe já foi o maior produtor de mangaba do país, mas a redução dos remanescentes da fruta fez o estado cair para a quarta posição nacional, atrás da Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte e Minas Gerais.

Desse modo, para reverter esse quadro e garantir o sustento das famílias, a comunidade projeta cenários futuros no Plano de Manejo, como a construção da Casa da Mangaba (um centro de beneficiamento) e o desenvolvimento do turismo de base comunitária.

LEIA TAMBÉM:

Cenários projetados pela comunidade

CenárioDescriçãoObjetivo
Casa da MangabaCentro de beneficiamento do fruto para produção de derivados (geleias, licores, biscoitos).Aumentar a renda familiar e agregar valor ao produto.
Museu da MangabaEspaço dedicado à memória e à história das catadoras.Preservar o patrimônio cultural e educar visitantes.
Sede PrópriaNova sede para a associação, substituindo o imóvel alugado.Fortalecer a gestão comunitária e a organização política.
Turismo ComunitárioRoteiros para visitantes conhecerem a história, a culinária e a coleta da mangaba.Gerar renda extra na entressafra (julho a novembro).

O que diz o Poder Público?

Procurada, a prefeitura de Aracaju afirmou que não há planos de transformar a Resex em um parque urbano aberto e garantiu apoio para a construção da unidade de beneficiamento. Assim, a administração também destacou que realiza fiscalizações e que o cercamento da área foi feito pelo município.

No entanto, as catadoras seguem vigilantes, sabendo que a luta pela preservação do território e do modo de vida é contínua. “É da mangaba que a gente tira o nosso sustento. Além de a gente estar protegendo a natureza, a gente faz várias coisas com a mangaba”, conclui Maria Eliene Santos.

Em suma, a mangaba, em Sergipe, é mais do que um fruto. Ao mesmo tempo é identidade, história e a prova de que a resistência feminina e comunitária pode florescer até mesmo quando cercada por uma “selva de pedra”.

Eliseu Lins

Eliseu Lins é baiano de nascimento e paraibano de coração. Jornalista formado na UFPB, tem mais de 20 anos de atuação na imprensa do Nordeste. É pós-graduado em jornalismo cultural e ocupa o cargo de editor-chefe do NE9 desde 2022.