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Acontece no Nordeste

Imbróglio territorial entre Ceará e Piauí ganha relátorio do Exército

A disputa territorial entre Ceará e Piauí iniciada em 1758, ganhou mais um capitulo na semana passada. Em nota pública divulgada na última sexta-feira (28), o Grupo Técnico de Trabalho que acompanha a disputa territorial ...
Redação NE9 Nordeste, da Agência NE9
1 de julho de 2024 - às 11:27
Atualizado 1 de julho de 2024 - às 11:27
7 min de leitura
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A disputa territorial entre Ceará e Piauí iniciada em 1758, ganhou mais um capitulo na semana passada.

Em nota pública divulgada na última sexta-feira (28), o Grupo Técnico de Trabalho que acompanha a disputa territorial entre Ceará e Piauí, avaliou que o laudo pericial produzido pelo Exército Brasileiro é favorável ao estado do Ceará.

O laudo pericial, após a análise de dezenas de mapas históricos, é categórico em afirmar que, na quase integralidade desses documentos, a divisa não decorre do divisor de águas (tese defendida pelo Estado autor – que, segundo o Exército, extrapola o próprio objeto da ação – mas da porção oeste da Serra da Ibiapaba (tese defendida pelo Ceará).

Segundo o Exécito, a  Serra da Ibiapaba é,  historicamente, pertencente ao território cearense

O laudo pericial ainda afasta fundamentos centrais defendidos na Ação pelo Piauí. Quais sejam: a Convenção Arbitral de 1920 e a interpretação de que o Decreto Imperial nº 3.012/1880 definiu integralmente as divisas entre os dois Estados. Quanto ao Decreto Imperial, o relatório produzido pelo Exército Brasileiro, à luz do que consta dos Anais do Senado e da Câmara, ratifica o entendimento defendido pelo Estado do Ceará de que seu objeto era apenas a permuta dos territórios de Freguesia da Amarração (atual Luís Correia) e Príncipe Imperial (atual Crateús e Independência), e não a definição da divisa como um todo (tese defendida pelo Piauí).

Explicitamente, o Exército destaca que “Conforme interpretação deste Perito, considerando o que foi apresentado acerca das tratativas na Câmara dos Deputados em relação à redação do decreto, verifica-se que a intenção dos deputados à época era de definir os limites somente nas áreas citadas e não em toda a extensão da Serra da Ibiapaba” – (citação entre aspas retirada da página 182 do laudo técnico).

O perito analisou, ainda, leis de limites municipais do estado do Ceará e do Piauí, constatando que a divisa entre os Estados corresponde àquela praticada pelo IBGE e defendida pelo Ceará. O Exército cita em seu laudo que “Em 12 de abril de 2017, pela Lei Estadual do Piauí nº 6.975, de 12 de abril de 2017, foi homologada a circunscrição territorial do Município de Buriti dos Montes. Em seu Parágrafo Único, fica definido que “o limite do Estado do Piauí com o Estado do Ceará é o que consta dos Mapas Municipais Estatísticos do IBGE, ano 2010”. Destaca-se que os limites representados pelo IBGE, referentes a 2007, usados na Lei Estadual nº 6.404, de 28 de agosto de 2013, conforme os dados do IBGE, coincidem com a representação dos limites estatísticos de 2010 do IBGE” – (citação entre aspas retirada da página 236 do laudo técnico).

O relatório técnico do Exército elencou cinco cenários relativos ao litígio a partir dos quesitos apresentados pelos Estados. A Possibilidade 01, adotando, a partir de quesito do Piauí, o critério do divisor de águas para definição da divisa entre os dois Estados; a Possibilidade 02, também atendendo a quesito do Piauí, distribuindo equitativamente as áreas de litígio entre os Estados; as Possibilidades 03 e 04, baseando-se respectivamente na divisa entre os Estados pelo lado oeste e leste da área de litígio; e a Possibilidade 05, seguindo a divisa censitária adotada pelo IBGE em 2022.

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Conclusões do Exército sobre as Possibilidades de Divisa Estadual

Possibilidade 1

  • Conclusão:
    • O uso do divisor da Serra da Ibiapaba como linha de divisa estadual é a opção que mais afeta a atual divisão territorial, abrangendo uma área maior que as três Áreas de Litígio.
    • Tem consequências significativas em diversas áreas públicas e particulares do Estado do Ceará.
    • Não encontra suporte na documentação histórica analisada.
    • Resulta de uma interpretação unilateral do Decreto Imperial nº 3012, de 22 de outubro de 1880.
    • Não considera a ocupação territorial ocorrida no desenvolvimento político, econômico e social das Áreas de Litígio e Regiões Complementares.

Possibilidade 2

  • Conclusão:
    • A proposição de divisa igualitária das áreas de litígio, solicitada pelo Piauí, não encontra amparo na documentação histórica e na situação atual observada in loco.
    • É um critério unicamente territorial que não considera a ocupação humana nem o desenvolvimento político, econômico e social das áreas de litígio.
    • Não foram encontrados mapas ou documentos históricos que amparem essa representação.
    • Não há acidentes naturais que a suportem.

Possibilidades 3 e 4

  • Premissa:
    • Cada Estado seria o único detentor de todas as áreas de litígio.
  • Conclusão:
    • Não atendem à documentação histórica analisada.

Possibilidade 5

  • Critério:
    • Baseado na ocupação humana (IBGE).
  • Defesa:
    • Tese defendida pelo Estado do Ceará.
  • Base:
    • Linha de divisa estadual conforme a ocupação das áreas de litígio.
    • Representada pelo limite censitário apresentado na base vetorial 2022 do IBGE.
    • Dados levantados em campo pela equipe de perícia do Exército.

O perito destaca que “Essa possibilidade também leva em consideração a interpretação do Decreto Imperial nº 3.012, de 22 de outubro de 1880, conforme apresentada no capítulo 5 – Análise de Documentos Históricos, item 5.2 – Decreto Imperial nº 3.012, de 22 de outubro de 1880, na qual os limites descritos no referido decreto tratariam somente das áreas de permuta, na região da Comarca do Príncipe Imperial e da Freguesia da Amarração, conforme demonstrado na Figura 140” – (citação entre aspas retirada da página 300 do laudo técnico).

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Para o perito, “a utilização da linha adotada pelo IBGE como delimitação dos setores censitários em 2022 na Possibilidade 05 não afeta a população e a distribuição das edificações dos Estados. Logo, entende-se que essa possibilidade é a que a menos afetaria os Estados atualmente, em termos populacionais e de edificações”. O Exército ainda destaca que “Essa possibilidade de divisa reflete a ocupação humana das áreas de litígio, com a criação das respectivas infraestruturas governamentais de assistência à população” – (citação entre aspas retirada da página 310 do laudo técnico)..

A Procuradoria Geral do Estado do Ceará (PGE-CE) e o Grupo Técnico de Trabalho entendem que o resultado do laudo do Exército corrobora os argumentos e elementos apresentados pelo estado do Ceará, afastando os fundamentos principais da Ação movida pelo Estado do Piauí, reforçando a importância do aspecto humano como norte para a solução do litígio.

Nos próximos dias, a previsão é que o serviço cartográfico do Exército entregue ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) a perícia realizada na área em disputa. Entretanto, a decisão final do STF só deverá acontecer em 2025.