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RN pode ser o primeiro estado do Brasil com projeto de energia eólica offshore

O Rio Grande do Norte pode se tornar o primeiro estado do Brasil a operar um parque de energia eólica offshore, ou seja, em alto-mar. O projeto de  instalação de uma usina experimental em Areia ...
Redação NE9 Nordeste, da Agência NE9
16 de agosto de 2024 - às 11:11
Atualizado 16 de agosto de 2024 - às 11:11
6 min de leitura
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O Rio Grande do Norte pode se tornar o primeiro estado do Brasil a operar um parque de energia eólica offshore, ou seja, em alto-mar.

O projeto de  instalação de uma usina experimental em Areia Branca, é liderado pelo Senai

Em uma reunião recente com representantes de empresas, autoridades públicas, pescadores e a comunidade local, foram apresentados os planos de infraestrutura, estudos realizados, objetivos e os resultados esperados. A previsão é que a unidade entre em operação em 2027, servindo como referência para futuros investimentos no mar e ajudando a mitigar os impactos da chegada da atividade industrial à costa brasileira.

O projeto, que envolve a instalação de dois aerogeradores no mar, com uma potência total de 24,5 megawatts (MW), avançou esta semana no Rio Grande do Norte.

A discussão incluiu participação da população, empresas e setor público. O parque de energia eólica offshore será conectado a uma subestação instalada no Porto-ilha de Areia Branca, que movimenta sal na região. As torres eólicas ficarão a 4,5 quilômetros do Porto-ilha, fora da zona de pesca, em profundidades de 7 a 8 metros. Cabos submarinos serão instalados para transportar a energia gerada pelos aerogeradores até o Porto Ilha, de acordo com Rodrigo Mello, diretor do Senai-RN e do Instituto Senai de Inovação em Energias Renováveis (ISI-ER).

“Essa iniciativa é uma evolução natural da energia eólica, que começou em terra e agora avança para o mar, utilizando equipamentos maiores. Atualmente, essa tecnologia é aplicada no Mar do Norte, entre o Reino Unido e os Países Baixos, na costa nordeste dos Estados Unidos e na China. No Brasil, ainda não há projetos em operação, mas o potencial é enorme, e o de Areia Branca provavelmente será o primeiro do país. Trata-se de um parque experimental que buscará desenvolver tecnologia, estabelecer uma cadeia de fornecedores e, inicialmente, fornecer energia ao terminal salineiro”, explica Rodrigo Mello.

A energia eólica offshore, que consiste na instalação de turbinas no mar, é uma atividade relativamente nova no cenário global, com menos de uma década de existência. No Brasil, o setor ainda aguarda regulamentação, mas iniciativas como essa já estão atraindo atenção e investimentos. A planta-piloto do projeto, que funcionará como um campo de testes em condições reais de operação, ainda aguarda a liberação da licença ambiental pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama).

Espera-se que a licença ambiental para o projeto seja concedida ainda este ano. “Isso é apenas uma expectativa”, explica Mello. “Precisamos respeitar o tempo de análise do Ibama, mas esperamos que esse processo seja concluído até o fim do ano. O projeto está dividido em três etapas: a primeira é a obtenção da licença; a segunda, que deve levar cerca de um ano e dois meses, envolve a conclusão dos projetos básico e executivo; e a terceira etapa inclui um ano e meio para construção e montagem, com previsão de comissionamento em 2027”, detalha Rodrigo sobre o cronograma.

Os estudos ambientais entregues ao Ibama em julho cobrem uma análise abrangente das condições físicas, biológicas e socioeconômicas da região, incluindo os municípios vizinhos de Grossos e Tibau. Esses estudos foram elaborados por uma equipe multidisciplinar do ISI-ER, composta por geólogos, biólogos, engenheiros e oceanógrafos, e somam mais de 600 páginas de informações detalhadas. A tecnologia utilizada permitirá a montagem das torres em terra, que serão posteriormente transportadas e instaladas no mar com o auxílio de rebocadores, sem necessidade de grandes embarcações.

O objetivo da planta-piloto é avaliar o desempenho das turbinas nas condições do mar equatorial brasileiro e estudar os impactos potenciais da energia eólica offshore sobre o meio ambiente e as atividades locais. Mariana Torres, pesquisadora do ISI-ER, destaca a importância do projeto para a obtenção de dados essenciais que poderão guiar futuros empreendimentos do setor no Brasil. “Acreditamos que esse projeto contribuirá em várias frentes de estudos, como na elaboração de projetos, definição de tecnologias e métodos de construção”, afirma.

Em uma reunião técnica na última terça-feira (06), o Senai-RN apresentou a infraestrutura planejada, os estudos envolvidos, objetivos e resultados esperados em Areia Branca. Nos dias seguintes, empresas nacionais e estrangeiras parceiras no projeto visitaram a área escolhida para a instalação do empreendimento. A geração de energia eólica offshore, com turbinas instaladas no mar, é uma atividade industrial recente, com menos de 10 anos de existência, observa Rodrigo Mello.

RN tem 14 projetos aguardando regulamentação

Atualmente, o Rio Grande do Norte conta com 14 projetos de complexos eólicos offshore (totalizando 25,4 GW) submetidos ao Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama), aguardando a aprovação de um Projeto de Lei (PL) pelo Congresso Nacional. Essa regulamentação é necessária para que os investidores possam avançar com os estudos ambientais essenciais para a obtenção da viabilidade ambiental. O PL nº 11.247/2018 regulamenta a produção de energia renovável em ambiente marítimo.

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Ao todo, 97 projetos foram submetidos ao Ibama, somando 233 GW. Para se ter uma ideia, essa capacidade é maior que a total de geração de energia elétrica instalada em muitos países. Por exemplo, em 2023, o Brasil acumulou uma capacidade instalada de cerca de 199 GW, considerando todas as fontes de energia, de acordo com o Sistema de Informações de Geração da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (Siga/Aneel). O Rio Grande do Sul lidera em número de projetos offshore apresentados, com 27, seguido por Ceará (25), Rio de Janeiro (15), Rio Grande do Norte (14), Espírito Santo e Piauí (ambos com seis), Maranhão (3) e Santa Catarina (1).