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Motoristas de Aplicativos ganham regulamentação; entenda

O projeto de lei (PL) que visa regulamentar a atividade dos motoristas de aplicativos sobre quatro rodas traz consigo uma série de mudanças significativas. Essas alterações, se aprovadas, terão impacto direto na vida de pelo menos 704 mil motoristas que atuam ...
Redação NE9 Nordeste, da Agência NE9
8 de março de 2024 - às 07:09
Atualizado 8 de março de 2024 - às 07:09
5 min de leitura
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projeto de lei (PL) que visa regulamentar a atividade dos motoristas de aplicativos sobre quatro rodas traz consigo uma série de mudanças significativas. Essas alterações, se aprovadas, terão impacto direto na vida de pelo menos 704 mil motoristas que atuam nesse setor, de acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).

Regulamentação busca ampliar as proteções destas novas formas de trabalhos

Dentre as principais propostas, destacam-se:

  1. Negociação e Direitos: O PL busca estabelecer um equilíbrio entre patrões e trabalhadores por meio de acordos coletivos. Além disso, prevê a inclusão obrigatória na Previdência Social, garantindo maior segurança para os motoristas.
  2. Transparência: As empresas serão obrigadas a fornecer informações claras e acessíveis aos trabalhadores. Isso inclui detalhes sobre oferta de viagens, pontuação, bloqueio, suspensão e exclusão da plataforma.
  3. Remuneração Mínima: O valor da hora trabalhadaserá fixado em R$ 32,10, e a remuneração não poderá ser inferior a um salário-mínimo (R$ 1.412). Essa medida visa assegurar uma base mínima de ganhos para os motoristas.
  4. Critérios de Avaliação e Exclusão: O texto limita as possibilidades de exclusão dos motoristas apenas a casos de fraudes, abusos ou mau uso da plataforma. Além disso, garante o direito de defesaconforme as regras estabelecidas nos termos de uso e contratos de adesão à plataforma.

Atualmente, muitos motoristas enfrentam uma avaliação rigorosa sem compreender completamente os critérios utilizados. Essa nova regulamentação visa trazer mais transparência e proteção para esses profissionais

Motorista de APP fot Rovena Rosa Agência Brasil
Motorista de APP fot Rovena Rosa Agência Brasil

Acordo coletivo

Caso aprovado, o projeto de lei deve consolidar os acordos ou convenções coletivas como principal instrumento de negociação entre plataformas e motoristas. Atualmente, devido ao caráter dessa relação intermediada pela plataforma, não há uma mesa de negociação entre as partes que permita a apresentação de reivindicações coletivas da categoria.

Assim, benefícios ou direitos não previstos no PL, como plano de saúde, seguro de vida ou horas extras, poderão ser negociados no acordo coletivo. Além disso, o que for acordado em convenção coletiva não poderá ser desfeito por meio de acordos individuais. Os trabalhadores deverão ser representados por sindicatos devidamente registrados.

LEIA TAMBÉM:
Moda no Nordeste tem inovação, é sustentável e gera bilhões
Conheça cidades do Nordeste que já tiveram tremores de terra
Estado do Nordeste terá a menor taxa de juros do Brasil
Ceará é o 1º estado do Nordeste em Sustentabilidade Ambiental

Remuneração

O projeto ainda estabelece um valor mínimo de trabalho por por hora R$ 32,90, sendo R$ 24,07 para cobrir os custos do trabalho (gasolina, internet, manutenção do veículo, etc.) e, por isso, com caráter indenizatório, e R$ 8,03 de remuneração efetiva para o trabalhador.

O projeto ainda estima que a jornada será de 8 horas diárias ou 176 horas mensais, podendo chegar ao máximo de 12 horas diárias. Caso o motorista trabalhe 43 horas por semana, ele receberá, no mínimo, o valor atual do salário mínimo, de R$ 1.412, excluído os curtos para manutenção do trabalho. Esse é o valor mínimo, podendo o trabalhador receber mais pela hora trabalhada.

O projeto ainda proíbe que as empresas limitem “a distribuição de viagens quando o trabalhador atingir a remuneração horária mínima”. Além disso, o reajuste do valor mínimo deve ocorrer, todo ano, pelas mesmas regras do reajuste do salário mínimo.

Atualmente, estima-se que os motoristas trabalhem 48 horas semanais, ou 9,6 horas diárias, recebendo, em média, R$ 2.367, de acordo com pesquisa do IBGE realizada no 4º trimestre de 2022.

LEIA TAMBÉM:
Nordeste mira 100% de isenção no IPVA de carros elétricos
Os 10 maiores atletas nordestinos da história
Nordeste terá produção de combustível com planta nativa

Previdência Social

Atualmente, o motorista de aplicativo que quer ter aposentadoria, ou acessar auxílio doença e licença maternidade, tem que pagar o Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social (INSS) como Microempreendedor Individual (MEI). Porém, essa contribuição não é obrigatória e estima-se que apenas 23% dos motoristas de aplicativo paguem essa contribuição, segundo o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea).

Como MEI, o motorista deve pagar, pelo menos, 5% sobre o salário mínimo. Porém, se escolher pagar apenas esse valor, o trabalhador só poderá se aposentar pelas regras de aposentadoria por idade, garantindo apenas um valor equivalente a um salário mínimo.

Para receber mais no futuro e poder se aposentar também por tempo de contribuição, é preciso pagar mais. Nesse caso, além dos 5% mínimos, é possível contribuir com até 15% do teto previdenciário, de acordo com o Sebrae.

“No entanto, nessa modalidade, sabe-se que há uma alta inadimplência, acima dos 40%”, informa o Dieese.

Pelas regras previstas no projeto de lei, o motorista terá que pagar 7,5% sobre o valor de sua remuneração, fixado pelo projeto em, no mínimo, R$ 8,03 por hora trabalhada. Já as empresas de aplicativos terão que contribuir com 20% sobre o mesmo valor.

Pelas regras, todos os trabalhadores serão do Regime Geral de Previdência Social. A inclusão obrigatória de todos os trabalhadores no INSS dará direitos a benefícios como auxílio doença e licença maternidade.

“A empresa valoriza o processo de diálogo e negociação entre representantes dos trabalhadores, do setor privado e do governo, culminando na elaboração dessa proposta, a qual inclui consensos como a classificação jurídica da atividade, o modelo

 

REDAÇÃO